Professional Presence and Influence Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Guardians tend to have fun with their friends. This allows them to develop good and lasting relationships. I have also managed to develop a good relationship with my colleagues both at work and at school. I strive to be always dependable and in the end, it has impacted positively on the kind of relationship that I have with other people. In terms of career choices, I believe the traits that are seen in Guardian have also influenced my career path. The decision to get into the nursing and healthcare field was greatly influenced by the desire to help others. I also like activities that promote teamwork both at home and in my place of work. Communication and apprehension of change are two potential barriers that could be minimized through enhanced self-awareness when working with opposite personality types. Although I am an individual who can have a lot of fun with friends and colleagues, I tend to be very serious about my responsibilities and duties. At times, this makes it hard for m e to communicate well with others since all my attention will be on what I have to accomplish. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Presence and Influence or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Cause and Effect of Slavery in the United States

The humankind is one of large ego and guilt, and in every period during history have they done selfish acts in the name of â€Å"survival†. Every generation, and every culture built much in this world, yet might have still used the wrong path to do so. America is one major example for this. The Americans, just like many other cultures, have used immoral techniques for the benefit and prosperity of themselves and their dawning country. They stole the lives of millions in order to keep their lives intact. Americans captured Africans and traded them in the colonies, and tormented them in order to utilize them as slaves to work under their control and grow their land. Such an immoral act had a huge impact throughout history even up until today.†¦show more content†¦They felt that slavery should be abolished because it was morally wrong and economically unnecessary. Yet, numerous Southerners were highly opposing this idea as they needed slavery because their farming and ag ricultural economy basically depended on them, unlike the North which had a strong manufacturing potential. Slavery was like an addiction that the south could not break through. This resulted in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, by which the land that was west of the Mississippi River and east of the Appalachian Mountains was to outlaw slavery, establishing the idea of free states and slave states. Slavery was also a benefit to the Southerners due to the fact that representation in the congress was determined by the population number, and that the slaves were also counted within the population. Then, the emotions of disgust and discomfort, by the Northerners (the abolitionists) towards the Southerners, flared up acting as a major cause of the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865. The war ended with the Emancipation Proclamation, which abolished slavery throughout the whole country, and the addition of the 13th amendment which confirmed this law. After the slaves were finally freed upon their will many thought that it would be like heaven. Yet, while working as slaves they had no real idea ofShow MoreRelatedThe War Between The United States944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Causes to the War Between the States The Road of the United States in becoming a truly united nation has not been a path without turmoil. Many lives were laid down to form the structure of this country and fought for its right to freedom. One of the bloodiest conflicts in the United States’ history was the war between states or more commonly referred as the Civil War. This war leads to much unnecessary violence ridden battles that were precluded by many cases. The Civil War had many profoundRead MoreThe Road Of The United States937 Words   |  4 PagesRoad of the United States in becoming a truly united nation has not been a path without turmoil. Many lives were laid down to form the structure of this country and fought for its right to freedom. One of the bloodiest conflicts in the United States’ history was the war between states or more commonly referred as the Civil War. This war leads to much unnecessary violence ridden battles that were preluded by many causes. The Civil War had many profound effec ts on how the United States ran as a countryRead MoreThe American Revolution: Sowing the Seeds for the Civil War1587 Words   |  6 Pageswith an ugly scar, a mark in our history. The mistakes made during the time of the American Revolution can be found in the roots of the Civil War. Of the many debatable causes of the Civil War, the three major causes were division over government ideology, division over slave labor ideology, and finally division over deeming a state slave or free. These three major divisions were preventable from the very beginning. The first faulty block of the foundation was the block of governmental ideology.Read MoreThe American Civil War1296 Words   |  6 Pagesissue of slavery, but deep down was due to economic differences between the North and the South. The South seceded from the North and created their own self-government due to their belief in the lack of state’s rights versus the federal government and what they saw as a weakness in the Articles of Confederation. While the Confederacy of the United States depended on slave labor for their economy in regards to plantation farming of cotton, tobacco and rice, the Union, whom represented the United StatesRead MoreWhat Caused The American Civil War1634 Words   |  7 Pagesdisputes about the causes of the American Civil War. Historians have stated slavery was the primary cause of the American Civil War, while other historians have argued there were other causes and effects in conjunction with slavery. Research has shown all historians did agre e upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of the United States of America (Stampp, 1965). This battle between these two states is what created theRead MoreThe Issue Of Black Slavery906 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of black slavery has been a thorny issue in the American society for so many years. The history of black slavery dates back to the time after the United States attained its independence and continued until just before the American civil war. Black slavery was made possible by the American constitution that made it legal for the white people to own black slaves. Slave trade ensured a constant supply of slaves from the African continent with the most affected part being West Africa. HenceRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1605 Words   |  7 Pagesof the United States was a major and influential event in the history of our country. The Civil War shaped our nation and how we think of li berty in general. Such a big event in our antiquity must have been caused by a series of dominant events. However, a War of this size has many effects to go along with it. The most common effect thought of is the freedom of slaves, however, the Civil War was not just a war fought for freedom. One major cause of the Civil War was the issue of slavery in AmericaRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1707 Words   |  7 Pagesthe North grew. Slavery was vital to the economic well-being of the South, and when the North began to question the â€Å"peculiar institution† of the South the wall of civility between the two sectionalized areas began to crumble. Due to the growing issue of slavery in the 1850s, the United States of America was in a state of total disarray and turmoil. The tension that had always existed between the North and South over the matter of slavery was no longer ignorable. As the United States expanded to theRead MoreEconomic Basis of African Slavery in the United States1299 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Basis of African Slavery in the United States In early American history slave owners were mainly of the Christian faith and believed in the literal truth of the Bible. They felt that many quotes in the bible gave them a â€Å"right† to use slaves for prophet. One such quote comes from Colossians 3:22 â€Å"Slaves, obey your earthly masters in everything; and do it, not only when their eye is on you and to win their favor, but with sincerity of heart and reverence for the Lord.† There are severalRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of The Civil War1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe causes and effects of the Civil War will be defined through the institution of slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the military leadership of President Lincoln to resolve the uncompromising political position of the South/Confederacy. Lincoln’s â€Å"House Divided† speech will be an important primary source that defines the underlying resistance to the expansion of the slave states into new territories taken by the U.S. government in the 1850s. More so, the uncompromising and an increasingly militaristic

Arnold Friend or Arnold Foe free essay sample

‘Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ’, a short story by Joyce Carol Oates, takes place in the mid-sixties and revolves around two central characters, Connie and Arnold Friend, who mysteriously appears at Connie’s home and tries to coax her into coming with him before ultimately forcing her. Arnold Friend is a much debated character among critics, largely due to hints of inhuman abilities and his intentions for Connie. It is hard to determine the answers to these because there is no direct description of Arnold Friend that states what he is, nor is it revealed what happens to Connie in the end. The article ‘Connie’s Tambourine Man: A New Reading of Arnold Friend’ by Mike Tierce and John Crafton describes Arnold as a Bob Dylan reincarnation, messiah type figure who has come to save Connie from her family and childhood. However, Mike Tierce and John Crafton’s misinterpretation of Arnold Friend being a savior is wrong because they misconstrue Arnold’s intentions towards Connie, his physical appearance, the numbers on the side of his car, and the role music plays in the portrayal of Arnold Friend. Tierce and Crafton’s theory that Arnold is a savior is flawed because they misunderstand Arnold Friend’s intentions of freeing Connie from the limitations of a child. Tierce and Crafton believe Arnold Friend was conjured up by Connie’s imagination. Tierce and Crafton believe that he is a manifestation of all the desires Connie holds in her heart. Her wish to be a grown woman created a messiah named Arnold Friend, who came to her to take her away from her father’s home and set her free, saying to Connie, â€Å"we’ll go out to a nice field, out in the country here where it smells so nice and it’s sunny†(Joyce Carol Oates, 515). Taking the innocence and limitations that her age brings allows her to leave and go with Arnold Friend (Connie’s Tambourine Man: A New Reading of Arnold Friend). He also uses her strained relationship with her family to coax her into leaving. By saying, â€Å"they don’t know one thing about you and they never did† (Joyce Carol Oates, 516). Arnold is pointing out that he knows her, unlike her own flesh and blood, and can offer her a life without them. Clearly, Arnold’s intentions for Connie are of a sinister nature, even causing her to scream into the phone, so he cannot be a savior as Tierce and Crafton believe. In D. J. Piwinski’s criticism of Joyce Carol Oates’ story ‘Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ’ he points out a similarity between a Bible verse and the story. Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy fathers house, unto a land that I will show thee (Genesis 12:1) is echoed in Friend’s persuasion to get Connie to leave her â€Å"daddy’s house† and his promise of taking her to â€Å"a nice field†. However, unlike the Promised Land â€Å"flowing with milk and honey† (Exodus 3:8) Piwinski pointed out that the place where Connie was going was described as unrecognizable (D.  J. Piwinski). A place where Friend will, â€Å"†¦ hold you so tight you won’t think you have to try to get away or pretend anything because you’ll know you can’t† (Joyce Carol Oates, 512). Meaning Connie will not be leaving that land and will likely be killed and left there. Along with misund erstanding Arnold’s intentions for Connie, Tierce and Crafton’s theory of Arnold being a savior is based on a misreading of Arnold Friend’s physical appearance. They associate Arnold Friend with Bob Dylan through the similarities in their physical appearances. They both share characteristics of long, crazy shaggy black hair, their long noses, clean-shaven faces, big teeth, and their thick, black eyelashes (Tierce and Crafton). Bob Dylan was God reincarnated in the eyes of his fans. A hero come to open their eyes to a new form of existence and self-awareness. Tierce and Crafton interpret the similarities in Dylan and Friend as a way of Oates hinting that Arnold was a hero type figure like Dylan. However, it is clear that Arnold’s appearance is not as Tierce and Crafton believe and instead point to qualities of a demon, which means Arnold is not a savior. Friends eyes, which described by Oates as â€Å"chips of broken glass†, reflect light like an animal’s eyes when light hits them directly. This could be his reasoning for wearing sunglasses (Joan Easterly). Friends crazy, black hair is a wig used to cover his pointed horns and ears. In some scenes Arnold is leaning against his car and is described as having difficulty walking, even having to hold onto a post on Connie’s porch to steady himself and keep his balance. This is because Friend’s boots are stuffed to allow his devilish hooves to rest inside. Joan Easterly points out that the author described one foot as bent and twisted  at an angle, which a normal human foot cannot do. Not only are Tierce and Crafton’s theory of Arnold being a savior wrong because of their judgment on his physical appearance, but they also misinterpret the numbers on the side of Arnold Friend’s car. Along with Tierce and Crafton, Mark Robson has connected the num bers 33, 19, 17, painted on the side of Arnold’s car, to a biblical verse Judges 19:17, with Judges being the 33 book of the Protestant Old Testament when counted backwards (C. Harold Hurley). The verse states, â€Å"When he looked and saw the traveler in the city square, the old man asked, â€Å"Where are you going? Where did you come from? †(Judges 19:17). An almost direct parallel to the title ‘Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ’ In contrast, it is clear that the numbers on Arnold’s car do not point to symbolic imagery of Christ, instead pointing to a verse within the Bible in which an old man asks a question, which does not make him a savior. When the numbers 33, 19, and 17 are added together the sum is 69. This number was a popular sexual symbol used by teenagers. C. Harold Hurley states in his article ‘Cracking the Code in Oatess Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?   that the more risque teens would wear this number in bold lettering on their clothing in the sixties, which is the time frame the story takes place. D. J. Piwinski’s interpretation of Arnold’s â€Å"secret code† points to Arnold’s true age, suggested by Connie when she realizes he is not a teenager but instead was â€Å"much older—thirty, maybe more,† and the ages of his previous two victims (D. J. Piwinski). Oates may have drawn inspiration from the deaths of three teenage girls murdered in Arizona by a real- rapist killer, whom Oates stated she modeled Arnold Friend after. This points to Friend’s sadistic sexual fantasies. Besides misunderstanding the numbers of Arnold’s car, Tierce and Crafton also misread the meaning behind the music’s role in the description of Arnold Friend. Throughout the story there are several references about music. Tierce and Crafton believe the music is associated to religion, â€Å"the music was always in the background, like music at a church service† is one of their examples of the correlation between the two (Joyce Carol Oates, 506). Tierce and Crafton also believed that it is a reference to the intentions of Arnold Friend, which they believe he is there to save Connie (Connies Tambourine Man: A New Reading of Arnold Friend). Their description of Arnold Friend also matches that of Bob Dylan, described by his fans as a king of Rock-and-Roll of the sixties, as stated earlier. Dylan was a messiah in the eyes of his fans, a prophet who has come to lead them into Consciousness. In the story the reference to â€Å"Mister Tambourine Man† is also considered a connection to Dylan because of his popular song in 1965 ‘Mr. Tambourine Man’. Oates has also hinted that she drew inspiration from listening to Bob Dylan’s song ‘It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue’ for weeks. Arnold Friend is a personification of Bob Dylan’s popular music. Instead, the music points to the sadistic nature of Arnold and his wish to control Connie through the music, not the wrong comparison of Arnold to Bob Dylan by Tierce and Crafton. Joan Easterly points out, in her criticism of the story, that whenever Arnold is present in the story, so too is music. She also states that when Connie first sees Arnold her face is beaming from something that could possibly be the music. When Arnold arrives at her house, she is listening to music that made her joyful. This could be a way for Arnold to have her subconsciously connect those feelings she gets from the music to him (Joan Easterly). Connie was going to quit talking to Arnold until she realizes that Arnold is listening to the same station she is listening to. This music is familiar to her and reminds her of the drive-in where she has her dates with boys that are sweet and gentle with their â€Å"caresses of love†. Joan Easterly points out in her article ‘The Shadow of a Satyr in Oatess Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?   that the music to Connie is just as promised in the songs she listens to that describes young love that she so desperately seeks. When Connie refuses to go with Arnold, Ellie turns the volume of the radio up. This is a way for Arnold to control and entice Connie to trust him and to get her to come outside. She later realizes Arnold has a supernatural connection to th e music. This scares her and she wishes for him to leave but he threatens the lives of her family. If Arnold Friend was truly there for someone with the intentions of being a hero would not threaten the lives of the people Connie loves. The interpretations offered by Joan Easterly, D. J. Piwinski and C. Harold Hurley suggest darker qualities to the nature of Arnold Friend are very useful in understanding the true meaning of the story. These authors’ articles are more believable than that of Tierce and Crafton’s. Their evidence is not only compelling but also very thoughtful and accurate in the depiction of the mysterious Arnold Friend. Reading the story with the evidence offered by these authors will help the reader connect better with the story and the man Arnold Friend truly is.

Who Is a Jew free essay sample

This paper analyzes the question of who is a Jew and why any definition is problematic. This paper discusses the controversial question of Who is a Jew?. It provides Rabbinic and cultural sources for arguments of each side and concludes with the statement that there is no one way of defining who a Jew is. This at first may seem like a simple question. Let us examine some different ways that we could answer this in modern times. We could say Jews are those born of Jewish Mothers or any person who has gone through the formal process of conversion in full compliance with Jewish law. This gives a purely biological aspect to the question. We could also say, those who practice the Jewish faith and prescribe to the doctrines of that faith. This seems like a reasonable answer and fairly clear to define. But it may not be as easy as it seems, for the practice of the Jewish Faith has many variations, which have been the arguments of many rabbis over the years. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Is a Jew? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The emergence of the Orthodox, Conservative and Reformed movements are just the beginning of the problem of defining who is a Jew by specific practices. A third possibility to answering the question of who is a Jew would be to make a statement such as, A Jew is descended from one of the twelve tribes of Israel. That puts us back to the original answer about genetics and biology. In this paper I will demonstrate actions or beliefs cannot define that who is a Jew.

Hyphen Puzzles

Hyphen Puzzles Hyphen Puzzles Hyphen Puzzles By Maeve Maddox A reader sent me six phrases and asked how I would hyphenate them: 1. Anti money laundering laws 2. Non English speaking students 3. Ex editor in chief 4. Pre Anglo Saxon period 5. Pro self sustaining agenda 6. Post so called apocalypse 1. Anti money laundering laws A glance at legal and financial sites show a preference for â€Å"anti-money laundering laws†: The  Supreme Court of Canada  on Friday  struck down  part of the nations anti-money laundering and terrorist financing law pertaining to lawyers, on the grounds that the legislation infringed on lawyers duty to their clients.- Jurist (online legal news and research service). History of Anti-Money Laundering Laws- US Department of the Treasury, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. Anti-Money Laundering Template- FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority) This punctuation strikes me as odd because the laws are not against money (anti-money), but against money-laundering. I would go with â€Å"anti-money-laundering laws† or â€Å"anti money-laundering laws.† Although chiefly a prefix, anti can stand alone as an adjective. 2. Non English speaking students This is straightforward enough. The students do not speak English; therefore, they are â€Å"non-English-speaking students. A rule applies here: when a prefix precedes a capitalized word, a hyphen is required. 3. Ex editor in chief My choice is to go with AP style and write â€Å"ex-editor-in-chief.† If Merriam-Webster is your guide, you’d write â€Å"ex-editor in chief.† 4. Pre Anglo Saxon period If I had occasion to write such a phrase, I’d hyphenate it â€Å"pre-Anglo-Saxon period.† Anglo-Saxon is hyphenated to begin with, and the prefix precedes a capitalized word. 5. Pro self sustaining agenda This is an ugly phrase that I would avoid if possible. I might write â€Å"pro-self-sustaining agenda† or â€Å"pro self-sustaining agenda.† Like anti, pro can be used as an adjective as well as a prefix. 6. Post so called apocalypse I don’t understand what this phrase is supposed to mean. The prefix post conveys the idea of after or following. The qualifier so-called is applied to a term to indicate that the thing so qualified is not entitled to be called by that term. For example, â€Å"Your so-called dissertation is only three pages long.† A dissertation, written or delivered orally, is by definition lengthy. The word apocalypse has more than one meaning. If its meaning in this phrase is â€Å"a disaster resulting in irreversible damage to human society or the environment on a global scale,† it’s difficult to see how the use of so-called is applicable. If such an apocalypse has occurred, then it should be clear that it was the real thing. The word apocalypse can also mean revelation or disclosure, but I can’t think of an example in which the phrase â€Å"post so-called apocalypse† would make sense. The phrase could take two hyphens: â€Å"post-so-called apocalypse.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowWriting the CenturyJanuary 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

How To Write a Perfect Persuasive Essay

How To Write a Perfect Persuasive Essay Perfect Persuasive Essay How to start writing a persuasive essay How to write an outline How to write a thesis for a persuasive essay How to write an introduction How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to finish a persuasive essay Tips on conclusion writing Tips on essay revision Persuasive Essay Sample Essay writing is a challenging but mandatory task, and college students are expected to be well equipped to handle different types of essays. Essays are written for different purposes. A persuasive paper is written to help persuade, convince, influence or motivate the reader about a particular idea. The purpose of a persuasive essay is to inspire your readers to agree with your perspectives or viewpoints. How to start writing a persuasive essay When writing a persuasive paper, it is essential to keep in mind that the claims you present ought to persuade and convince your readers. Below are some tips which can help you learn how to start your perfect essay. Select a topic. Before you start a persuasive essay you need to select a topic. Pick a topic which you are familiar with so as to enable you to have points which are for and against the topic. Choose a position. When you have a firm stance, you will not only sound authoritative but also present your claims easily. Have a clear outline. A clear outline enables your essay to have a smooth and easy flow. Moreover, it enables you to easily jot down your ideas. Choose a stout, defendable stance for your thesis statement. Your thesis statement needs to take a strong active stance on the subject matter. This shows that you have a firm position and that you fully support your arguments. Conduct ample research. Sufficient research enables you to have enough material to substantiate your arguments. How to write an outline To learn how to write the perfect persuasive essay, you should have a clear and precise outline detailing your main points or arguments. Developing an outline is fundamental because it simplifies the writing process. Below is an example how you can develop a clear outline. TOPIC: Should college education be free for everyone? INTRODUCTION Generally explain the state of college education in the country. Free college education does more harm than good. BODY Free college education will lead to the quality of education being degraded. The essence or value of education will depreciate. Schools will also lack enough funds to develop. CONCLUSION Restate the thesis statement. Summarize your main arguments. Emphasize on your position in the topic. Free college education is indeed bad for everyone. How to write a thesis for a persuasive essay A thesis statement is vital in writing a persuasive. It presents your topic to your audience, affirms your stance on the topic and enables you to have significant reasons to support your arguments. To learn how to write the thesis for a persuasive essay, you ought to understand your topic and have a clear stance or opinion on the topic. Additionally, a strong thesis statement should be brief and specific. This enables your audience to understand what your argument is. How to write an introduction The introduction of a persuasive essay should capture the attention of the readers in the first sentence. The reader(s) should be motivated and convinced that your argument is indeed weightier than the counter-argument. While the introduction of a persuasive essay motivates and influences the reader(s), the thesis statement shows your position and perspective on the topic. To learn how to write the introduction and thesis for a persuasive essay, ponder on the following tips: Start with a hook. A hook captures the attention of your reader(s) and makes them interested in reading more. Have a clear and specific introduction. Readers need to know that you have a firm position and therefore, have something straightforward. Have a clear and precise thesis statement. This indicates your position in the essay. Include some of your supporting arguments in the introduction. This will help convince your reader your position. How to write body paragraphs The body of an essay is what builds up the thesis statement. It enables you to present your arguments which support your assertion in the introduction. Additionally, it is in the body where you convince your audience that your position on the topic is the most viable. Tips on body writing The body of an essay outlines a detailed explanation of your claims. When writing the body of a persuasive essay, it is essential to consider the following tips: Use clear and concrete direct topic sentences to begin each paragraph. This enables a consistent flow of your arguments. When you use a direct topic sentence, ideas keep on flowing which makes it easy for you to write your essay. Have brief, well explained and clear paragraphs. Having long paragraphs can lead you to over explain a point which makes your audience easily lose interest in your article. Use specific examples. Providing examples shows your audience that you understand your arguments. Use transition sentences. These empower your article with a simple and systematic flow. Have clear and precise sentence structures which will enable your essay not to have prolonged sentences leading to lengthy paragraphs. Lengthy paragraphs often lead to loss of focus. How to finish a persuasive essay When writing the conclusion of a persuasive essay, it is essential to note that your arguments are strongly supported and backed up by solid reasons. For your audience to be fully convinced and moved, you ought to have all your arguments well supported. Tips on conclusion writing In order to learn how to write a conclusion for a perfect persuasive essay, it is essential to put the following tips into consideration. Restate your main argument. Provide a summary of your main arguments and focus on the strongest one(s). Conclude with a statement which calls your audience to action. Tips on essay revision Perfect essay writing requires the provision of quality work. Revising your paper enables you to correct the errors you come across so as to modify your article and make it exceptional. Below are some tips to consider when revising your persuasive essay. Ensure that your position is well presented and that your arguments are supported by appropriate specifics. Certify that your introduction is appealing to your audience and that it keeps them reading. Have clear and brief body paragraphs which offer strong and convincing evidence to support your arguments. The transitions between sentences ought to show your reader(s) that you fully comprehend your position. Ensure that your conclusion expresses the significance of your position and that it urges your audience to meditate and act. Persuasive Essay Sample Should college education be free for everyone? The state and quality of college education in the country is indeed in good condition. People often argue that free college education will benefit the less fortunate students and enable them to go study. However, the truth is that free college education is more disadvantageous than it is advantageous. It will do more harm than good. It is my belief that the introduction of the free college education will degrade the quality of education. Schools develop and support themselves from the fees that students pay. Money from state and federal governments is honestly not enough to ensure that schools are able to cater for themselves. Introducing free college education will strip schools off the funds which they are currently using to support themselves. The essence of education will also reduce or be destroyed. The free college education provides an opportunity for everyone to go to school. However, the real value of education will be lost in the way as everyone will afford to go to school even if they do not work as hard for it. In conclusion, the essence of a perfect persuasive essay is to demonstrate that certain claims are more valid than others. Perfect persuasive essay writing necessitates that your arguments motivate and convince your audience that you have a firm stance and urges them to think and act. We hope you will find this article helpful.

Information policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information policy - Essay Example More and more people turned to the internet for almost anything and everything they need, whether for academic research, for checking celebrity activities, for commerce such as buy and sell, ordering and ticketing online and the likes. Even real time communications have found its way into the homes connecting two or more people from different parts of the world through email, chat, web calls, video conference, etc. As the usage and the advantages of the internet to information and communications technology could not be undermined, it also became susceptible to misuse and abuse by unscrupulous individuals who also saw the opportunity to perpetuate crime and evil through the world wide web and prey on unsuspecting victims usually children even from half way round the world. â€Å"Child pornography, bestiality, excessive violence or sexual violence, detailed instruction in crime, violence or drug use, and/or material that advocates (and incites) terrorism acts† (Foo, 2009) are among the common types of abuse in the internet. Often, the victims are minors or those who are under 18 years old. This became the foundation of the clamour of some citizens to censor some information available in the internet and to filter the content of websites. This is basis of the Australian government’s move to filter the information that comes in to the Australia through the information network. And the debate about internet censorship has ensued. The advocates of internet censorship promotes that this is the only way to protect the citizens from the malevolent crimes that abound the internet. They are specifically targeting the welfare of the children and the minors who are more susceptible victims because of their innocence and naivetà ©. The pro-censorship group claims that the internet has been made safer for the users because of the commonwealth government’s Broadcasting Services Amendment (Online Services) Act 1999. The other side

The Useful Tool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Useful Tool - Essay Example Similarly, competitors should also be taken into notice when setting up prices i.e. a product which has the same quality but higher price than its competitor’s product then it would not be preferred by the market segments. Products of higher quality should be specified higher prices than other products of lower quality. This helps the organization to attract more customers towards it and the benefit that the customers want to buy the best thing increases the revenue of the organization. A lot of products being sold by the organization are sold at a much-reduced price than buying the separate products. This type of pricing is known as ‘bundle pricing’. Moreover, at times the organization place the prices of the products $1 less than the significant figure which also helps them to attract customer towards it. This type of pricing is known as the psychological pricing. Lastly, the organization tends to sell additional products with the original products and specify a n exact price for both of these products. This gives them an edge over other competitors which only offer the desired product without any additional one. This type of pricing is known to be ‘optional pricing’. All these pricing together help the organizations to develop pricing strategies according to the structure of the market. Furthermore, the products being sold at the market are usually attracted by the exact prices they are being sold at. And the organizations should have a particular interest in this approach to the marketing mix.

Pythagorean Quadratic Essay Example for Free

Pythagorean Quadratic Essay The Pythagorean Theorem was termed after Pythagoras, who was a well-known Greek philosopher and mathematician, and the Pythagorean Theorem is one of the first theorems identified in ancient civilizations. â€Å"The Pythagorean theorem says that in any right triangle the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse† (Dugopolski, 2012, p. 366 para. 8). For this reason, many builders from various times throughout history have used this theorem to assure that their foundations were laid out with right angles. In this assignment, we will use the example of locating a treasure using two different treasure maps as the two points needed to determine how many paces it will take to find the exact location to start digging for treasure. For this assignment, we are given instructions to solve problem number 98 from page 371 in Elementary and Intermediate Algebra, which states that Ahmed’s treasure map specifies that the treasure can be found 2x +6 steps from Castle Rock and Vanessa’s half indicates to walk x steps heading north, then 2x + 4 steps toward the east (Dugopolski, 2012). We need use the Pythagorean Theorem to figure out what variable x would be if they were to work together and combine their information. The Pythagorean Theorem indicates that a right triangle has legs with the length of a and b and the longest side of the triangle, the hypotenuse, as the length of c. Thus, the relationship with these lengths is the short equation of a2 + b2 = c2 The issue now is that one of the answers is extraneous, because it does not satisfy this specific scenario. The reason for this is that logically we would not take negative steps to reach a certain point or in a geometric situation, we cannot move a negative distance (Dugopolski, 2012). This means that -2 will not work for this equation, so the only answer we are left with is x = 10 paces. In summary, Vanessa’s portion of the map tells us that the treasure is located 10 paces north and 2x + 4 = 2(10) + 4= 24 paces east of Castle Rock. While Ahmed’s map tells us to take 2x + 6 = 2(10) + 6= 26 paces heading directly towards the rock. The Pythagorean Theorem is a very useful tool when we have a right-angled triangle and know the lengths of at least two sides, because it enables us to determine the length of the third side. On television, many of us have seen how important determining the trajectory of a bullet is to a crime scene, so it would be extremely critical to understand this theorem if your career was as a crime scene investigators. Another career that uses this theorem is an architect who would use this for a home’s triangular rooftop. One of the more commonly every day uses is with navigation, although many of us simply rely on our navigational systems, we could still pinpoint our location if we have two points to start with. ? Reference Dugopolski, M. (2012). Elementary and Intermediate Algebra (4th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Publishing.

Death In Venice Essay -- Thomas Mann Death Venice Metaphor Essays

Death In Venice   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To have an understanding of the use of disease as a metaphor in Thomas Mann’s novella Death In Venice, it is useful to understand the concept of disease itself. According to Webster’s Dictionary, 1913 edition, disease is defined as the â€Å"lack of ease; uneasiness; trouble; vexation; disquiet.† These words do embody the struggles of the great author, and main character of the novella, Gustav Aschenbach, but it is the description of disease as â€Å"an alteration in the state of the body or of some of its organs, interrupting or disturbing the performance of the vital functions, and causing or threatening pain and weakness; malady; affection; illness; sickness; disorder; -- applied figuratively to the mind, to the moral character and habits, to institutions, the state, etc† that is the foundation of the metaphor used by Mann. The disease spreading through Venice, is presumed to be cholera, and to what Aschenbach surrenders to in Venic e. However, upon careful examination of the words written so eloquently, one can find that the death of Aschenbach was more than that of an artist afflicted with passion and lust for beauty than of any physical ailment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mann carefully combines philosophy and psychology in Death in Venice, and these two general areas of intellect are in conflict throughout the novella. Specifically, it is the philosophy of art, one’s quest for beauty, and the psychological theory of repression derived from Freud that present themselves as key concerns in the metaphor of disease. Aschenbach, in his question for beauty, and in his repressed upbringing as an outcast of sorts from his great forefathers lead to the internal conflict he personifies. â€Å"His forebears had been officers, judges, bureaucrats, men who had led their disciplined, respectable, and frugal lives in the services of king and state. Deeper intellectuality had embodied itself among them on one occasion, in the person of a preacher; more swiftly flowing and sensual blood had entered the family in the previous generation through the writer’s mother, daughter of a Bohemian orchestra conductor. It was from her that he derived the signs of foreign ancestry in his appearance. The marriage of a sober official conscientiousness with darker, more ardent impulses produced an artist, this particular artist.† These words allow us to see into the character of Aschen... ...oward evil, the forbidden and the morally impossible?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Disease of the soul, and disease of the body are much the same. One is no more disturbing than the other, and as Mann writes about this theme in Death In Venice we see that when we find that which is our passion life stops. â€Å"†¦even on a personal basis, art is an enhancement of life. It makes you more deeply happy, it wears you out faster.† We are no longer responsible for our actions for we have found that which our life has been lived for, and there is no longer any reason to go on living when we know that we can never have that which our heart desires. Disease as a metaphor could also be examined through the characterization of Tadzio. Mann makes several references about the health of the boy himself. Is it that this artistic perfection of which he is the embodiment is something that is not natural? This question was not answered in this assessment of Death in Venice, although it is certainly another area for investigation. Bibliography 1. Mann, Thomas. Death in Venice. Dover Thrift Editions. 1995. NY. 2. Webster’s Dictionary, 1913 edition. http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=Disease

Design Education in the Middle East Essay

The Middle East is a part of the world that has been left behind in terms of design discourse and education. This is the result of years of struggle from political, economical, and cultural setbacks. The first part of the thesis offers a general description of the region through a brief history of events that have contributed to its current state, concentrating on Qatar, Lebanon, Egypt, and Iran. Furthermore, the existing design schools in Doha, Beirut, Cairo and Tehran are examined by their curricula and teaching methodologies with interviews from professors and students as well as project samples from various design courses offered in the schools. Consequently, a general analysis among them is deduced, examining some challenges and opportunities found in the culture and design education system. Then a selection of three of the most famous and progressive design schools in the world (Koeln International School of Design, Parsons New School for Design, and Design Academy Eindhoven) are taken into account, providing a basis for comparison as well as some direction regarding design education on global standards. As an initial venture to attempt to understand the standards of design education in Middle Eastern design students; Beirut is taken as a case study where the project ‘Public Design Intervention: Beirut’ is initiated in May 2010. Students as well as some young professionals were asked to design public interventions that are concerned with cultural, social, political and environmental issues in their country. As design is still in its primitive stages that deal mostly with commercial purpose, the participants were given the opportunity to use design as a tool for awareness and change. The results of this project provided collective motivation for the much needed improvement of the design education system. The final part of the thesis deals with design education and culture, explaining the need for a sustainable and self-generative relationship between the two. The crucial importance in understanding cultural behavior provides keys to the establishment of a design education curriculum. Moreover, the lack of cultural sensitivity is one of the main problems in Middle Eastern design education; this is largely due to the implementation of Western curricula which serve different cultural needs. Hence, a set of Middle Eastern cultural aspects are discussed, and opportunities in their implementation in design discourse are inspected. Finally, the outcome of the thesis, which initially aimed at redefining the existing design education curricula in the Middle East, is the proposal of a design research center. This center would act as a hub for the entire Middle East, creating links between Middle Eastern design schools and the industry. A crucial area of research would be to further investigate the cultural, social, and economical aspects of the region and provide more detailed and scientific knowledge that would eventually lead to the improvement of design education in the Middle East. The Middle Eastern Design Research Center is to be established in Beirut with an interdisciplinary team of designers, social scientists, and educators dedicated to understanding vital aspects of Middle Eastern culture and adopting them as core influences on a new design education program for the region. The center should also act as a link between academic projects and the manufacturing industry.

Part Three Chapter X

X Parminder worked late on Monday evenings, and as Vikram was usually at the hospital, the three Jawanda children laid the table and cooked for themselves. Sometimes they squabbled; occasionally they had a laugh; but today, each was absorbed in their own particular thoughts, and the job was completed with unusual efficiency in near silence. Sukhvinder had not told her brother or her sister that she had tried to truant, or about Krystal Weedon's threat to beat her up. The habit of secrecy was very strong in her these days. She was actively frightened of imparting confidences, because she feared that they might betray the world of oddness that lived inside her, the world that Fats Wall seemed able to penetrate with such terrifying ease. All the same, she knew that the events of the day could not be kept quiet indefinitely. Tessa had told her that she intended to telephone Parminder. ‘I'm going to have to call your mum, Sukhvinder, it's what we always do, but I'm going to explain to her why you did it.' Sukhvinder had felt almost warm towards Tessa, even though she was Fats Wall's mother. Frightened though she was of her mother's reaction, a tiny little glow of hope had kindled inside her at the thought of Tessa interceding for her. Would the realization of Sukhvinder's desperation lead, at last, to some crack in her mother's implacable disapproval, her disappointment, her endless stone-faced criticism? When the front door opened at last, she heard her mother speaking Punjabi. ‘Oh, not the bloody farm again,' groaned Jaswant, who had cocked an ear to the door. The Jawandas owned a patch of ancestral land in the Punjab, which Parminder, the oldest, had inherited from their father in the absence of sons. The farm occupied a place in the family consciousness that Jaswant and Sukhvinder had sometimes discussed. To their slightly amused astonishment, a few of their older relatives seemed to live in the expectation that the whole family would move back there one day. Parminder's father had sent money back to the farm all his life. It was tenanted and worked by second cousins, who seemed surly and embittered. The farm caused regular arguments among her mother's family. ‘Nani's gone off on one again,' interpreted Jaswant, as Parminder's muffled voice penetrated the door. Parminder had taught her first-born some Punjabi, and Jaz had picked up a lot more from their cousins. Sukhvinder's dyslexia had been too severe to enable her to learn two languages and the attempt had been abandoned. ‘†¦ Harpreet still wants to sell off that bit for the road †¦' Sukhvinder heard Parminder kicking off her shoes. She wished that her mother had not been bothered about the farm tonight of all nights; it never put her into a good mood; and when Parminder pushed open the kitchen door and she saw her mother's tight mask-like face, her courage failed her completely. Parminder acknowledged Jaswant and Rajpal with a slight wave of her hand, but she pointed at Sukhvinder and then towards a kitchen chair, indicating that she was to sit down and wait for the call to end. Jaswant and Rajpal drifted back upstairs. Sukhvinder waited beneath the wall of photographs, in which her relative inadequacy was displayed for the world to see, pinned to her chair by her mother's silent command. On and on went the call, until at long last Parminder said goodbye and cut the connection. When she turned to look at her daughter Sukhvinder knew, instantly, before a word was spoken, that she had been wrong to hope. ‘So,' said Parminder. ‘I had a call from Tessa while I was at work. I expect you know what it was about.' Sukhvinder nodded. Her mouth seemed to be full of cotton wool. Parminder's rage crashed over her like a tidal wave, dragging Sukhvinder with it, so that she was unable to find her feet or right herself. ‘Why? Why? Is this copying the London girl, again – are you trying to impress her? Jaz and Raj never behave like this, never – why do you? What's wrong with you? Are you proud of being lazy and sloppy? Do you think it's cool to act like a delinquent? How do you think I felt when Tessa told me? Called at work – I've never been so ashamed – I'm disgusted by you, do you hear me? Do we not give you enough? Do we not help you enough? What is wrong with you, Sukhvinder?' In desperation, Sukhvinder tried to break through her mother's tirade, and mentioned the name Krystal Weedon – ‘Krystal Weedon!' shouted Parminder. ‘That stupid girl! Why are you paying attention to anything she says? Did you tell her I tried to keep her damn great-grandmother alive? Did you tell her that?' ‘I – no – ‘ ‘If you're going to care about what the likes of Krystal Weedon says, there's no hope for you! Perhaps that's your natural level, is it, Sukhvinder? You want to play truant and work in a cafe and waste all your opportunities for education, because that's easier? Is that what being in a team with Krystal Weedon taught you – to sink to her level?' Sukhvinder thought of Krystal and her gang, raring to go on the opposite kerb, waiting for a break in the cars. What would it take to make her mother understand? An hour ago she had had the tiniest fantasy that she might confide in her mother, at last, about Fats Wall †¦ ‘Get out of my sight! Go! I'll speak to your father when he comes in – go!' Sukhvinder walked upstairs. Jaswant called from her bedroom: ‘What was all that shouting about?' Sukhvinder did not answer. She proceeded to her own room, where she closed the door and sat down on the edge of her bed. What's wrong with you, Sukhvinder? You disgust me. Are you proud of being lazy and sloppy? What had she expected? Warm encircling arms and comfort? When had she ever been hugged and held by Parminder? There was more comfort to be had from the razor blade hidden in her stuffed rabbit; but the desire, mounting to a need, to cut and bleed, could not be satisfied by daylight, with the family awake and her father on his way. The dark lake of desperation and pain that lived in Sukhvinder and yearned for release was in flames, as if it had been fuel all along. Let her see how it feels. She got up, crossed her bedroom in a few strides, and dropping into the chair by her desk, pounded at the keyboard of her computer. Sukhvinder had been just as interested as Andrew Price when that stupid supply teacher had tried to impress them with his cool in computing. Unlike Andrew and a couple of the other boys, Sukhvinder had not plied the teacher with questions about the hacking; she had merely gone home quietly and looked it all up online. Nearly every modern website was proof against a classic SQL injection, but when Sukhvinder had heard her mother discussing the anonymous attack on the Pagford Parish Council website, it had occurred to Sukhvinder that the security on that feeble old site was probably minimal. Sukhvinder always found it much easier to type than to write, and computer code easier to read than long strings of words. It did not take very long for her to retrieve a site that gave explicit instructions for the simplest form of SQL injection. Then she brought up the Parish Council website. It took her five minutes to hack the site, and then only because she had transcribed the code wrong the first time. To her astonishment, she discovered that whoever was administering the site had not removed the user details of The_Ghost_of_Barry_Fairbrother from the database, but merely deleted the post. It would be child's play, therefore, to post in the same name. It took Sukhvinder much longer to compose the message than it had to hack into the site. She had carried the secret accusation with her for months, ever since New Year's Eve, when she had noticed with wonder her mother's face, at ten to midnight, from the corner of the party where she was hiding. She typed slowly. Autocorrect helped with her spelling. She was not afraid that Parminder would check her computer history; her mother knew so little about her, and about what went on in this bedroom, that she would never suspect her lazy, stupid, sloppy daughter. Sukhvinder pressed the mouse like a trigger.

Educational Philosophy Outline and Rationale Essays

Educational Philosophy Outline and Rationale Essays Educational Philosophy Outline and Rationale Essay Educational Philosophy Outline and Rationale Essay Educational Philosophy Outline and Rationale Philosophies pertaining to education have changed with the influence of cultural and environmental changes throughout the years. In this paper an outline and rationale will describe my personal educational philosophy. My philosophy will also expand to support the components of the metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic that aided in its development. My personal mission statement as a future educator will also be included in the paper. There were several components of the philosophies that I wholeheartedly embraced; while other components were rejected due to my inability to relate to their ideals. My Personal Philosophy as it Pertains to Education Outline I. The Educators Responsibility A. Always maintain that every child has the ability to learn. 1. Maintain that all children learn at different paces 2. Provide a stimulating methodology that is muli â€Å" layered for to approach broad spectrum of students. 3. Provide a fun and engaging atmosphere towards learning B. Ascertain that the child is able to mastery a skill at the given level C. Procure additional tutorial support for students in need. D. Maintain a positive regards towards all aspects of teaching II. Student and Parents Responsibility A. Students 1. Be physically and mentally present 2. Active participation with the teacher and their peers. B. Parents 1. Team up with the teacher to maintain and active venue of communication that will enable the resolution of any problems or concerns. 2. Participate in the PTA. 3. Provide a stable environment for learning in the home. III. The School Administration and Community Responsibility A. To actively select and promote a solid curriculum 1. Built on results that support a broad spectrum of students needs. 2. That is engaging and filled with manipulative along with standardized test. 3. To promote creativity along with logic in the classroom. B. Work together in tandem to established extracurricular educational programs. 1. Tutorial Support beyond the afterschool programs. 2. Science walks in the residential areas of the students. 3. Work alongside volunteer of parents to create relevant programs that pertain to core fundamental skills C. Enlist local businesses to create a learning internship for students to learn in real time. Metaphysic is based on nature of the reality. I embrace the pragmatist approach that provides a hand on learning experience. This creates the foundation of reality that is relevant to a student. Though I do agree that a studentâ„ ¢s perception can affect his learning I do not accept that their reality changes as decreed by the existentialist philosophy. Neither am I on broad with the realist philosophy because I believe that it is based on rote memorization. Epistemology deals with knowledge and knowing of a subject. The philosophies that emphasize this idea the most Pragmatism and Progressivism; where knowledge is enhance in an applied and interactive manner. Axiology deals with the values that aided in the composition. In this component the philosophy of Idealism resonates with me. A core belief and value is that all students have a right to an education and exposed to additional resources when needed. If a student is failing it is our responsibility to identify th e what and the why to determine a resolution. Unlike a the realist philosophy true learning can be noted when the child has the ability to determine what methodology works best for him. Logic deals with the ability to reason. In order to reason effectively a student must be have a basis created from the fundamental skills math, science, and the ability to read which reflected in the philosophy of essentialism. Unlike the rote memorization that is emphasized in the philosophy of realism; essentialism ensure that all students equip the basics skills to best of their ability. My personal philosophy of education is utilized on a daily basis whether I am acting as role of a caregiver with developing toddlers, facilitator in the tutorial centers established in the community, or a life skills specialist. My goal and ultimate desire is to communicate to each child that they have the ability to learn in some shape, form, or fashion. The words I can are embraced wholeheartedly and they are encouraged to try and try again. My methodology is infused with praises and affirmations to help them exceed beyond their imaginations. When the theoretical application fails we use real life examples and apply a hands on interactive concept. Overall my ultimate desire that I can create a movement to get all parties involved in the success of the student, i.e. the community, the parents, and beyond. My mission statement is: That I will always be fully present, ready, and able to help direct the student his highest potential. To always seek assistance beyond myself when I am unable to assist my student effectively. To always be open and willing to learn from continued education, from my peers, and my students. To explore different methodology that will assist each child in developing their logical and creative thinking. To always remember that the impact I make today which a child; will create the social infrastructure of the future. Too close I have outlined my personal philosophy as it pertains to education and relations to the concepts underline by metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. I have provided the philosophies that I most embrace and the ones that I do not believe in. Sighted examples of the philosophies and how I utilize them currently. Finally I have provided the mission statement that I utilize in my field of work. . References Gutek, G., (2009) New perspectives on philosophy and education. New Jersey: Pearson. Ornstein, A. C. Levine, D.U. (2008). Understanding the Teaching Profession Historical and Philosophical Foundations-Foundations of Education. Boston New York : Houghton Mifflin Company.

How to Separate the JavaScript in Your Web Page

How to Separate the JavaScript in Your Web Page When you first write a new JavaScript the easiest way to set it up is to embed the JavaScript code directly into the web page so that everything is in the one place while you test it to get it working right. Similarly, if you are inserting a pre-written script into your website the instructions may tell you to embed parts or all of the script into the web page itself. This is okay for setting up the page and getting it to work properly in the first place but once your page is working the way that you want it you will be able to improve the page by extracting the JavaScript into an external file so that your page content in the HTML isnt so cluttered with non-content items such as JavaScript. If you just copy and use JavaScripts written by other people then their instructions on how to add their script to your page may have resulted in your having one or more large sections of JavaScript actually embedded into your web page itself and their instructions dont tell you how you can move this code out of your page into a separate file and still have the JavaScript work. Dont worry though because regardless of what code the JavaScript you are using in your page you can easily move the JavaScript out of your page and set it up as a separate file (or files if you have more than one piece of JavaScript embedded in the page). The process for doing this is always the same and is best illustrated with an example. Lets look at how a piece of JavaScript might look when embedded in your page. Your actual JavaScript code will be different from that shown in the following examples but the process is the same in every case. Example One script typetext/javascript if (top.location ! self.location) top.location self.location; /script Example Two script typetext/javascript! if (top.location ! self.location) top.location self.location; // /script Example Three script typetext/javascript /* ![CDATA[ */ if (top.location ! self.location) top.location self.location; /* ]] */ /script Your embedded JavaScript should look something like one of the above three examples. Of course, your actual JavaScript code will be different from that shown but the JavaScript will probably be embedded into the page using one of the above three methods. In some cases, your code may use the outdated languagejavascript instead of typetext/javascript in which case you may want to bring your code more up to date to start with by replacing the language attribute with the type one. Before you can extract the JavaScript into its own file you first need to identify the code to be extracted. In all three of the above examples, there are two lines of actual JavaScript code to be extracted. Your script will probably have a lot more lines but can be readily identified because it will occupy the same place within your page as the two lines of JavaScript that we have highlighted in the above three examples (all three of the examples contain the same two lines of JavaScript, it is just the container around them that is slightly different). The first thing you need to do to actually extract the JavaScript into a separate file is to open a plain text editor and access the content of your web page. You then need to locate the embedded JavaScript that will be surrounded by one of the variations of code shown in the above examples.Having located the JavaScript code you need to select it and copy it to your clipboard. With the above example, the code to be selected is highlighted, you do not need to select the script tags or the optional comments that may appear around your JavaScript code.Open another copy of your plain text editor (or another tab if your editor supports opening more than one file at a time) and past the JavaScript content there.Select a descriptive filename to use for your new file and save the new content using that filename. With the example code, the purpose of the script is to break out of frames so an appropriate name could be  framebreak.js.So now we have the JavaScript in a separate file we return to the editor where we have the original page content to make the changes there to link to the external copy of the script. As we now have the script in a separate file we can remove everything between the script tags in our original content so that the /script;script tag immediately follows the script typetext/javascript tag.The final step is to add an extra attribute to the script tag identifying where it can find the external JavaScript. We do this using a  srcfilename  attribute. With our example script, we would specify srcframebreak.js.The only complication to this is if we have decided to store the external JavaScripts in a separate folder from the web pages that use them. If you do this then you need to add the path from the web page folder to the JavaScript folder in front of the filename. For example, if the JavaScripts are being stored in a  js  folder within the folder that holds our web pages we would need  srcjs/framebreak.js So what does our code look like after we have separated the JavaScript out into a separate file? In the case of our example JavaScript (assuming that the JavaScript and HTML are in the same folder) our HTML in the web page now reads: script typetext/javascript srcframebreak.js /script We also have a separate file called framebreak.js that contains: if (top.location ! self.location) top.location self.location; Your filename and file content will be a lot different from that because you will have extracted whatever JavaScript was embedded in your web page and given the file a descriptive name based on what it does. The actual process of extracting it will be the same though regardless of what lines it contains. What about those other two lines in each of examples two and three? Well, the purpose of those lines in example two is to hide the JavaScript from Netscape 1 and Internet Explorer 2, neither of which anyone uses any more and so those lines are not really needed in the first place. Placing the code in an external file hides the code from browsers that dont understand the script tag more effectively than surrounding it in an HTML comment anyway. The third example is used for XHTML pages to tell validators that the JavaScript should be treated as page content and not to validate it as HTML (if you are using an HTML doctype rather than an XHTML one then the validator already knows this and so those tags are not needed). With the JavaScript in a separate file there is no longer any JavaScript in the page to be skipped over by validators and so those lines are no longer needed. One of the most useful ways that JavaScript can be used to add functionality to a web page is to perform some sort of processing in response to an action by your visitor. The most common action that you want to respond to will be when that visitor clicks on something. The event handler that allows you to respond to visitors clicking on something is called  onclick. When most people first think about adding an  onclick  event handler to their web page they immediately think of adding it to an a tag. This gives a piece of code that often looks like: a href# onclickdosomething(); return false; This is the  wrong  way to use  onclick  unless you have an actual meaningful address in the  href  attribute so that those without JavaScript will be transferred somewhere when they click on the link. A lot of people also leave out the return false from this code and then wonder why the top of the current page always gets loaded after the script has run (which is what the href# is telling the page to do unless false is returned from all the event handlers. Of  course,  if you have something meaningful as the destination of the link then you may want to go there after running the  onclick  code and then you will not need the return false. What many people do not  realize  is that the  onclick  event handler can be added to  any  HTML tag in the web page in order to interact when your visitor clicks on that content. So if you want something to run when people click on an image you can use: img srcmyimg.gif onclickdosomething() If you want to run something when people click on some text you can use: span onclickdosomething()some text/span Of  course,  these dont give the automatic visual clue that there will be a response if your visitor clicks on them the way that a link does but you can add that visual clue easily enough yourself by styling the image or span appropriately. The other thing to note about these ways of attaching the  onclick  event handler is that they do not require the return false because there is no default action that will happen when the element is clicked on that needs to be disabled. These ways of attaching the  onclick  are a big improvement on the poor method that many people use but it is still a long way from being the best way of coding it. One problem with adding  onclick  using any of the above methods is that it is still mixing your JavaScript in with your HTML.  onclick  is  not  an HTML attribute, it is a JavaScript event handler. As such to separate our JavaScript from our HTML to make the page easier to maintain we need to get that  onclick  reference out of the HTML file into a separate JavaScript file where it belongs. The easiest way to do this is to replace the  onclick  in the HTML with an  id  that will make it easy to attach the event handler to the appropriate spot in the HTML. So our HTML might now contain one of these statements: img srcmyimg.gif idimg1 span idsp1some text/span We can then code the JavaScript in a separate JavaScript file that is either linked into the bottom of the body of the page or which is in the head of the page and where our code is inside a function that is itself called after the page finishes loading. Our JavaScript to attach the event handlers now looks like this: document.getElementById(img1).onclick dosomething; document.getElementById(sp1).onclick dosomething; One thing to note. You will notice that we have always written  onclick  entirely in lowercase. When coding the statement in their HTML you will see some people write it as onClick. This is wrong as the JavaScript event handlers names are all lowercase and there is no such handler as onClick. You can get away with it when you include the JavaScript inside your HTML tag directly since HTML is not case sensitive and the browser will map it across to the correct name for you. You cant get away with  the wrong  capitalization  in your JavaScript itself since the JavaScript is case sensitive and there is no such thing in JavaScript as onClick. This code is a huge improvement over the prior versions because we are now both attaching the event to the correct element within our HTML and we have the JavaScript completely separate from the HTML. We can improve on this even further though. The one problem that is remaining is that we can only attach one onclick event handler to a specific element. Should we at any time need to attach a different onclick event handler to the same element then the previously attached processing will no longer be attached to that element. When you are adding a variety of different scripts to your web page for different purposes there is at least a possibility that two or more of them may want to provide some processing to be performed when the same element is clicked on. The messy solution to this problem is to identify where this situation arises and to combine the processing that needs to be called together to a function that performs all of the processing. While clashes like this are less common with onclick than they are with onload, having to identify  the clashes in advance and combine them together is not the ideal solution. It is not a solution at all when the actual processing that needs to be attached to the element changes over time so that sometimes there is one thing to do, sometimes another, and sometimes both. The best solution is to stop using an event handler completely and to instead use a JavaScript event listener (along with the corresponding attachEvent for Jscript- since this is one of those situations where JavaScript and JScript  differ). We can do this most easily by first creating an addEvent function that will add either an event listener or attachment depending on which of the two that the language being run supports; function addEvent(el, eType, fn, uC) { if (el.addEventListener) { el.addEventListener(eType, fn, uC); return true; } else if (el.attachEvent) { return el.attachEvent(on eType, fn); } } We can now attach the processing that we want to have happen when our element is clicked on using: addEvent( document.getElementById(spn1), click,dosomething,false); Using this method of attaching the code to be processed when an element is clicked on means that making another addEvent call to add another function to be run when a specific element is clicked on will not replace the prior processing with the new processing but will instead allow both of the functions to be run. We have no need to know when calling an addEvent whether or not we already have a function attached to the element to run when it is clicked on, the new function will be run along with and functions that were previously attached. Should we need the ability to remove functions from what gets run when an element is clicked on then we could create a corresponding deleteEvent function that calls the appropriate function for removing an event listener or attached event? The one disadvantage of this last way of attaching the processing is those really old browsers do not support these relatively new ways of attaching event processing to a web page. There should be few enough people using such antiquated browsers by now to disregard them in what J(ava)Script we write apart from writing our code in such a way that it doesnt cause huge numbers of error messages. The above function is written so as to do nothing if neither of the ways it uses is supported. Most of these really old browsers do not support the getElementById method of referencing HTML either and so a simple  if (!document.getElementById) return false;  at the top of any of your functions which do such calls would also be appropriate. Of course, many people writing JavaScript are not so considerate of those still using antique browsers and so those users must be getting used to seeing JavaScript errors on almost every web page they visit by now. Which of these different ways do you use to attach processing into your page to be run when your visitors click on something? If the way you do it is nearer to the examples at the top of the page than to those examples at the bottom of the page then perhaps it is time you thought about improving the way you write your onclick processing to use one of the better methods presented lower down on the page. Looking at the code for the cross-browser event listener you will notice that there is a fourth parameter which we called  uC, the use of which isnt obvious from the prior description. Browsers have two different orders in which they can process events when the event is triggered. They can work from the outside inwards from the body tag in towards the tag that triggered the event or they can work from the inside out starting at the most specific tag. These two are called  capture  and  bubble  respectively and most browsers allow you to choose which order multiple processing should be run in by setting this extra parameter. uC true to process during the capture phaseuC false to process during the bubble phase. So where there are several other tags wrapped around the one that the event was triggered on the capture phase runs first starting with the outermost tag and moving in toward the one that triggered the event and then once the tag the event was attached to has been processed the bubble phase reverses the process and goes back out again. Internet Explorer and traditional event handlers always process the bubble phase and never the capture phase and so always start with the most specific tag and work outwards. So with event handlers: div onclickalert(a)div onclickalert(b)xx/div/div clicking on the  xx  would bubble out triggering the alert(b) first and the alert(a) second. If those alerts were attached using event listeners with uC true then all modern browsers except Internet Explorer would process the alert(a) first and then the alert(b).

Reflective writing baased on Full Body burden Essay

Reflective writing baased on Full Body burden - Essay Example Besides, Kristine gives readers her stint at the weaponry facility where she was employed to work for a short duration of time. In as much as several concepts are evident in the book, it is fundamental to explore the facts and fictions that came out through Karen’s narration of the Colorado plant. Fact is defined as a thing that is known and has been proven true while fiction is something that is not right and untrue. While growing up and working for Rocky Plants nuclear weapon, Kristine encountered a number of challenges and experiences; some are facts while others are fictions (Iversen 3). I find that Kristine’s narration balanced between facts and fictions that help readers share the same viewpoint. The author candidly reveals her personal life to readers in an open manner. The events that surrounded her personal life such as having an alcoholic father and working at the nuclear factory shaped her life and gave her the experiences she needed to write the book. I cons ider the revelation of these secrets important for the development of the story since they were factual (Iversen 31). According to Kristine, she received the information needed for the development of the book from the interviews she conducted on the people, both from the neighborhood and from the plant. This is fictitious because she does not tell us the methods she used for the interviews. Furthermore, she is at pains to illustrate how she corroborated the data. The illustrations are factual because they are based on experiences. This is because it is a first person narration. She was at the same place where events were taking place. I find it tricky to determine facts in a situation where the people to be interviewed have vague memories. Consequently, I believe that the author’s recollection of her family’s memories is false. This is attributable to the fact that she directly quoted some of the conversations she had with members of the family. She pointed out exactly what her sister was doing while on her date. This is fiction because the author fails to declare that she interviewed her sister. Ordinarily, this cannot be factual because the time duration cannot allow persons to recall the exact words said more than a decade ago. This is because she spent twelve years working on the book (Iversen 301). Kristine takes us through the bare facts concerning the plant while revealing the once hidden secrets about the nuclear plant. The government had initially lied to the citizens of Colorado about the dealings of the plant. However, when Kristine exposed the damages that the surrounding environment had undergone due to nuclear weapons disposal by the factory, it disclosed the shocking cover up by the US government. Besides, the radiations from the factory caused hurt not only to the environment but also to human health. This is because several people were diagnosed with cancer. The factory was closed because of these revelations. I find such kind of disclosure by the author factual. Otherwise, the factory would still be operating had the stories been fictitious. A crucial aspect of the book is portrayed in chapter sixteen. The author highlights the decline of a family. Kristine discloses the emotional disconnect that her family had with their alcoholic father. This alcoholism almost caused them their lives when her father was driving when intoxicated. Although the author’s father was a lawyer, he constantly faced trouble with the law due to

Employees in an International Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employees in an International Market - Essay Example As Groenewald (2009) states, â€Å"staffing, training, compensation, and performance management are basically important tools in the human resources practices† (p. 1). In this paper, we will examine the functions of human resource department in managing employees in an international marketplace. Most Critical Human Resource Functions To manage employees in an international marketplace, the human resource department of a company needs to execute some critical functions. These functions not only ensure a smooth running of business processes but also help a company achieve its corporate goals and objectives effectively and efficiently. Some of the most important HR functions in this regard include aligning recruitment process with corporate objectives, starting programs for employee training and development, and increasing employee motivation. Let us discuss these functions in some details to know their significance for a better management of employees. Aligning Recruitment with Corporate Objectives One of the main roles of the HR department is to align the employee recruitment process with the overall strategy of the company in order to build an inspired and productive workforce. Employee selection is one of those functions that are critical to ensuring a company’s success. It is the responsibility of the HR department of a company to recruit such people, who can prove themselves productive for the company through their skills, talent, and knowledge. A skilled and experienced employee is a key towards the success of a company. Therefore, global HR managers look for such people who can give improved performances and can ensure high levels of profits for the company through their performances. In today’s competitive world, recruiting and forming a diverse workforce...This paper stresses that employee training also plays a valuable role in ensuring long-term profitability of a company. Therefore, HR professionals put their efforts in investing i n employee training and development programs to improve the individual performances of employees as well as to increase an overall organizational productivity. Employee training and development also help in creating a pool of suitable replacements for the employees who either resign from their jobs or get promotions within the company, hence, leaving their positions available for other suitable candidates. Employee motivation is the combination of employees’ job-related behaviors, the level of efforts employees exert, and the employees’ level of determination. Companies are at risk of facing many setbacks with a lower level of employee motivation.This report makes a conclusion that effective human resource management is one of the most important factors that determine the success of a company in local and international markets. The main functions of the human resource department in managing employees in an international marketplace include strategic employee selection and recruitment, developing effective employee training programs, and increasing employee motivation to meet corporate goals and objectives. Some of the main outcomes of focusing on employee management in broader terms include selective and strategy-oriented recruitment of employees, improved organizational performance, improved business efficiency, and formation of a skilled workforce which is able to meet the requirements of the international business environment.

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

ART - Essay Example The emperor later constructed a new city with large buildings and beautiful buildings. This created a good opportunity for Gustav and his partners to demonstrate their talents. Gustav and his colleagues received an invitation by the Emperor. The Emperor wanted them to paint the palace in preparation for a pageant. The Emperor had organized the pageant to celebrate the silver wedding with his wife Empress Elisabeth. In subsequent years, Gustav and his company got an invitation to produce a ceiling painting for thermal birth in Carlsbad. Gustav’s use of color and his patterns in his paintings were influenced by various arts. This included arts of Japan, Byzantine Ravenna, the flat, ancient Egypt and the two dimension perspective of his paintings. Gustav’s paintings at the early ages brought him a lot of success. (Rogoyska, Gustav, and Patrick 7-60). Gustav painted his famous art The Kiss at the beginning of the 20th century. The Kiss portrayed two lovers kissing one another. The painting exemplifies the era of historians and historians alike whom he referred the fin-de siecle, meaning the end of a century. The concept describes the artistic culture of the late 18th and early 19th century. This was more so in Vienna where the determination by Austrians to enjoy a happy lifestyle was disturbed by political upheavals and a future that was uncertain. Gustav captured the sensuality and opulence of this period by the famous painting (The Kiss). The setting in the painting is ambiguous and cannot be determined. The painting pattern in The Kiss signifies the gender differences. The circles represent the woman’s garment. The rectangles represent the man’s garment. The patterns depicted on the picture unite the two lovers into one entity. This shows their erotic union. Modern artists use artistic patterns to communicate dee p messages (Rogoyska, Gustav, and Patrick 7-60). The artistic work by Gustav is impressive. It

Policy Development in the Hospitality Industry

Policy Development in the Hospitality Industry Introduction Standards and quality control within the hospitality industry are of critical importance, particularly within the kitchen and food safety areas of these businesses. Within this paper, the intention is to evaluate the benefits of quality tools to policy makers within the hospitality industry and discuss the effects of two of these tools in relation to a specific case example. 1) Quality Tools Quality has become a factor of importance in both the product and the service offered to the consumer. In essence it is the art of seeking a continual improvement in the processes, products and services that are provided (Dale 2003, p.5). However, when applied to hospitality, and in particular the operations of an industrial kitchen in this environment, the term â€Å"quality† also encompasses the health and safety aspect of the operation. In such cases, it is not simply a matter of ensuring that the product and service is of the quality expected by the consumer, but that it has also eliminated the health and safety risk factor, both in respect of the consumer and other business stakeholders, which include the employees who work within the kitchen environment. In other words it has to address both the internal and external issues. Thus it can be seen that there are a number of ways in which the use of quality control tools can assist to achieve its core aims, particularly within the hospitality industry. In addition to the safety of the product itself, these also relate to other aspects, which include the environment, cooking process and team effort of the business (Mortimore and Wallace 2000, p.29). With the main element of an industrial hospitality kitchen being the standard and quality of the food that is served to the customers, it is important that the quality control focuses on the safety as well as the quality of the food being prepared. In an effort to reduce the potential of complaints within this area, there are several issues that need to be addressed, such as the quality and safety of the food supplied, its storage, the method of cooking and the service to the consumer. The introduction of quality models such as the FMEA[1] and HACCP[2] systems are essential in ensuring that no issues arise in terms of the condition of food on its arrival from the supplier, the kitchen storage facilities or the cooking processes. The purpose of FMEA system works on the basis of combining risk and cause and effect analysis, with the intention of endeavouring to forecast potential system failures in advance as well as establishing what could cause such failures (Mortimore and Wallace 2000, p.2). Such failures are then judged by their severity; likelihood of happening and the ease of detection. With this information to hand it is then possible to design a solution to the problem, which includes a continual monitoring process. HACCP takes the process a step further by identifying points within the process where a potential hazard might occur and ensuring monitoring of these points. For example, if one takes potential complaints about food, this can manifest itself in several ways. Food can be contaminated at the source of supply or during the storage handling processes within the hospitality kitchen facility. Additionally, problems can arise from the cooking process. The severity of these problems can range from customer complaints in respect of over-under cooked foods to potential threatening health and safety issues such as food poisoning. The Foods Standard Agency (2007) have recently published guidelines which cover the procedures needed to prevent food incidents, which provides crucial information for the hospitality policy makers. From the supplier viewpoint this includes ensuring that the raw food and its processing, packaging and all controls for issues such as contamination are vigorously controlled and that there is a facility to enable action to be taken in the event of a complaint. Policies for food management within the Hospitality kitchen itself must include similar controls, which are subject to inspection by the local authority. These would apply to the kitchen storage facilities and their locations, which are required to ensure that food does not decompose or create additional health problems for the consumer (Knowles 2004, p.96). Similarly, the standard for training within the establishment need to be monitored to ensure appropriate hygiene standards are being adhered to by all staff (Knowles 2004, p.202). Furthermore, the hygiene and health and safety issue also applies to the employees within the business in respect of consumer’s safety. An example of these issues in reality can be demonstrated from an inspection that was conducted by Norwich City Council in relation to an office kitchen Hospitality unit (Environmental Health Food Team 2005). In this case the office in question was refurbishing their kitchen areas. The authority found several issues that needed addressing. Among these was the fact that the food storage facilities were inadequate and posed a threat to the freshness of the products, as did the fact that the staff changing rooms were located outside of the kitchen environment, which could expose their kitchen clothing to outside bacterial problems. Finally, the other aspects of quality that affects the hospitality kitchen are the health and safety issues that relate to employees. This has been evidenced by the concerns that can arise in relation to the potential back problems that can afflict an employee within the kitchen environment, as has been recognised by the Health and Safety Executive (CAIS 24 2006). As their report reveals, â€Å"back pain and upper limb disorders† are responsible for nearly 75% of the incidences of â€Å"occupational ill health,† which currently amount to in excess of two million lost work days a year, and a considerable number of these occur within the hospitality industry. Therefore it is important that policies regarding the positioning of equipment, maximum weight carrying levels and appropriate methods of lifting heavy products are instigated and monitored to ensure their compliance. Lack of such controls could lead to the employer being subjected to a claim under the Health and Saf ety legislations. 2) FMEA and HCCAP Within this section of the paper it is intended to assess the quality control procedures within a hypothetical situation. In this situation a cook chill company has conducted a FMEA on a product that is used within the hospitality. The product is a chicken casserole. The following results were recorded. Failure modes occurrence severity detection -Uneven garnish 1 1 5 -Incorrect stamp 1 9 9 -Packages edges stamped 2 6 6 What would need to be evaluated to provide a more accurate analysis in this case is the level of sampling provided, as the statistical information does affect the potential for detecting problems (Mortimore and Wallace 2000, p.190). If one applies a statistical confidence level based upon the regularity of the incidence occurring over a number of sample batches, and this reveals that the results are within a 5% band, then that level would be 95%. Statistical confidence levels are used to ascertain the level of confidence that the analyst has in the result of his findings. Applying this to the above table would result in the following results Failure modes occurrence severity detection -Uneven garnish 0.95 0.95 4.75 -Incorrect stamp 0.95 8.55 8.55 -Packages edges stamped 1.905.705.70 However, even based upon these lower result, and using 10 as the highest level of concern, the following information can be garnered. In occurrence terms, the most prolific problem relates to the issue of stamping package edges, with the least being uneven garnish. However, when one looks at the problem of severity and potential for detection the incorrect stamp are the major causes for concern, with incorrect stamping being by far the most important issue to address. Of itself, the problem of uneven garnish will not present a health and safety issue. Similarly, it cannot therefore be considered to be a hazard in that it will not result in a potential biological or chemical danger to the consumer (Mortimore and Wallace 2000, p.40). All that will result from this problem is a change in taste of the end product. Although the management may wish to address this from a quality viewpoint, it would not be the highest issue of the three to be addressed. Severity and difficulty in detection in relation to the incorrect stamp and edging stamps on the other hand do present difficulties and potential dangers, with the former being of most concern. Incorrectly packaged products can lead to health and safety issues with the consumer. For example, a vegetarian would be seriously displeased if they found that the chilli casserole that they thought contained no meat actually contained chicken. Similarly, for persons with allergies, the incorrect packaging could present problems. However, the problem with the edging stamp would be at a two-thirds level of importance compared with the labelling issue. Furthermore, one has to define the exact issue arising from the incorrect labelling as to whether it can be considered a health and safety hazard (Skelton 1997, p.6). If the problem was an incorrect date then the hazard is more significant that if it is just incorrect ingredients, as the former could lead to ill health affecting the consumer. Whilst ingredient errors may produce displeasure and complaint from the consumer, incorrect dating could lead to potential food poisoning and other health problems. It is at this latter stage that the real effect of a HACCP analysis, an alternative method for identifying potential issues (Skelton 1997, p.67) would be beneficial. HACCP views the process from the raw product stage until it ends up on the consumers plate and seeks to identify the critical points at which the problems identified above are likely to occur. As a result of this analysis it is possible for the policy maker in the Hospitality kitchen to institute a procedure that will ensure that these points are closely monitored in an effort to eradicate the problem, with records maintained at all times (Mortimore and Wallace 2000, p.2). From the above analysis it is apparent that, although from a individual viewpoint packaging does not present a health and safety issue (Mortimore and Wallace 2000, p.120), it is the fact that the information displayed upon it that, as has already been identified, creates the hazard. Therefore, the combination of the errors and hazards identified could produce serious problems in terms of the potential effect on the consumer’s health and, as a result, could lead to the management of the hospitality kitchen being prosecuted. Conclusion From the information and analysis that has been conducted for this paper, it is apparent that as part of the effective management of a kitchen within the hospitality industry the policy maker must ensure that, as a integral part of the management strategy, the issues of failure and hazard awareness and the methods of reducing the incidence of these risks are taken into account. Therefore, it is essential that every aspect of the process and operations of their kitchens be subjected to an FMEA and HACCP analysis. This should encompass the food supply chain; the maintenance and efficiency of equipment and the safety of their employees as well as their consumers. These finding support the beneficial use that such quality tools provide for the hospitality policy maker. References CAIS 24 (2006). Preventing back pain and other aches and pains to kitchen and food service staff. Health and Safety Executive. London, UK. Dale, Barrie (2003). Managing Quality. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Oxford, UK. Environmental Health Food Team (2005). Food Premises Inspection Report, Norwich City Council. Retrieved 16 May 2007 from http://www.norwich.gov.uk/intranet_docs/A-Z/Environmental%20Health/2005/Food_Awards/Mills_and_Reeve_Insp_151105.pdf Foods Standards Agency (2007). Principles for preventing and responding to food incidents. Retrieved 16 May 2007 from http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/principles23mar07 Knowles, Tim (2004). Food Safety in the Hospitality Industry. Butterworth-Heinmann Ltd. Oxford, UK. Mortimore, Sara and Wallace, Carol (2000). HACCP. A Practical Approach. Aspen Publishing. Maryland, US. Skelton, Bob (1997). Process Safety Analysis. An Introduction. Guld Publishing. Houston, US. Footnotes [1] Failure modes and effects Analysis [2] Hazard analysis and critical control points Policy Development in the Hospitality Industry Policy Development in the Hospitality Industry Brief 199613 POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Question 1: In the context of the CDM Regulations and the refurbishment of a floor of bedrooms in a multi storey hotel, critically outline the purpose and content of the Health and Safety Plan and Health and Safety File. Discuss the relationship between the two components and how the Health and Safety File will be of benefit to contractors in the future. Critically assess the merits of the Building Regulations application process and construction technique utilised for Mcdonalds modular drive through restaurants. The following will evaluate the best way of refurbishing a floor of bedrooms in a multi storey hotel so that the renovated building complies with all relevant health and safety legislation and regulations. The requirement to meet all the relevant health and safety legislation and standards means that the designers and the builders of renovations are as legally responsible as the hotel owners for all breeches of those requirements. Failure to meet regulatory standards could leave the constructors liable for civil prosecution or prone to litigation by the hotel owners, the hotel staff besides the hotel guests. Prosecution or litigation that could take years after the original renovation was actually completed (Youell, 2003 p. 99). The best way to develop a renovation plan that will receive planning permission from the appropriate local authority is to know exactly which health and safety regulations the proposed renovation needs to fully comply with. If the hotel is exempt from any of the health and safety regulations or the hotel owners believe that it is exempt from those standards it is always best to double check. Besides ignorance of the law is not an excuse for breaking it, and it will not protect contractors from legal action been taken against them. Of more immediate concern for contractors tasked with renovations a failure to abide to all building or health and safety regulations could result in the refusal of planning permission. After all it will only cause delays if the renovation plans are refused planning permission or if such breeches of the health and safety standards are missed at that stage and leave the design firm as well as the hotel owners liable to prosecution or litigation. Renovation w ork that does not reach the required health and safety standards might not be good enough to last over the long-term without the need to be repaired or eventually replaced due to its low quality (Youell, 2003 p. 99). Therefore to ensure that the renovation proposals receive planning permission and are legally sound a Health and Safety Plan as well as a Health and Safety File are necessarily developed and maintained to safeguard the building contractors and the hotel owners from both accidents and legal proceedings. The purpose of the health and safety plan is to ensure that the hotel will be fully compliant with the health and safety regulations that it is required to meet so as to function legally as a hotel. To make a fully functioning health and safety plan not only needs a strong knowledge of relevant regulations; it also requires the blueprints or plans for the hotel itself. An understanding of the hotel’s layout is essential with regard to making the health and safety plan practical and well designed. The objective of the health and safety plan is to make sure all the safety measures within the hotel are clearly accessible thus allowing both hotel staff and all hotel guests to remain safe in any emergency situation. The content of the health and safety plan would include the design layout and the exact location of fire fighting equipment, first exits, fire alarms, and any available first aid facilities. The plan should also include where hotel employees and guests meet, should the hotel have to be evacuated, especially in the event of a fire taking hold of the premises. Consideration should also be given to the fitting of smoke alarms, fire alarms, and sprinkler systems (Youell, 2003 p. 99). Besides considering fire safety procedures, and first aid measures the health and safety plan should include measures to maintain hygiene standards in the kitchens, toilets, dining areas, and the guest bedrooms. Good hygiene standards are needed to ensure that the hotel remains clean, tidy, and free of dirt, allowing the hotel staff and all guests to avoid food poisoning or infection. The plan needs take into account the location of the kitchens, rubbish bins, and toilets in relation to the bedrooms used by guests. Poor hygiene standards and food poisoning could prove to be very bad for the future of the hotel, as it may bring it to the attention of environmental health officers that have the power to close it down until the hotel meets the minimum required regulatory standards (Bloomsbury, 2005 p.124). Another factor for maintaining the good hygiene of the hotel is the straightforward one of guests not wishing to return to dirty and unclean accommodation (Bloomsbury, 2005 p. 155). The purpose of the Health And Safety File is to record how the hotel complies with all relevant regulations before, during, and after the proposed renovations. The file is meant to ensure that the hotel sticks to the measures it set out in the Health and Safety Plan. The file should record the health and safety performance of the hotel with regard to the maintenance of equipment, facilities, as well as all the procedures that enhance safety standards or good hygiene. The Health and Safety File should also keep a note of all the training that the staff at the hotel is given in respect of maintaining and implementing safety measures and all hygiene standards. The hotel staff should ideally be given training to use fire fighting equipment when it is safe to do so, to provide first aid when needed, and carry out practice fire safety drills. When necessary staff will need to be given extra training should they not perform their duties to a high enough level to comply with the standards se t out in regulations. The Health and Safety File should also ensure that all hotel guests have access to information about the location of fire safety equipment, first aid facilities, and the assembly point in case of the hotel being evacuated (Youell, 2003 p. 99). There should be a strong relationship between the Health and Safety Plan and the Health and Safety File. The two items should compliment each other, as together they provide the means to plan and implement safety and hygiene standards at the hotel. The Health and Safety Plan sets out how the safety and hygiene standards will be achieved, whilst the Health and Safety File is intended to record what is actually happening at the hotel in terms of complying with regulations. The Health and Safety File by itself could be very useful to any contractors that need to carry out any building or renovation work at the hotel, as a means of checking the record of the hotel in meeting regulatory requirements. Contractors would be able to consult the Health and Safety File if they have any queries regarding the equipment, facilities, as well as the safety and hygiene procedures used by the staff at the hotel. If the Health and Safety File has been kept up to date consulting it will allow the contra ctors to know whether or not the hotel has been adhering to the regulations it is legally supposed to do at all times. Knowing if the hotel is not complying with regulation would give the contractor the opportunity to suggest building alterations or changes in safety and hygiene procedures that if implemented mean the hotel does comply with all relevant regulations (Bloomsbury, 2005 p. 155). There are ways of ensuring that a company only has to pay minimal attention to completing Health and Safety Plans and Files without breaking the regulations or ignoring the spirit of the law. The fast food company MacDonalds has probably devised the best way of minimising the planning permission required whilst adhering to the statutory safety and hygiene standards set out in regulations and legislation. As a company MacDonalds has made its fortune and its reputation by the mass standardisation of its restaurants, equipment, staff training, marketing image, and finally but by no means least its food products. People know what they are going to get when they go into a MacDonalds anywhere in the world, and more of them like it than dislike it (www.LHC.ORG.UK). MacDonalds believe that the standardisation process is definitely a successful strategy when it comes down to gaining rapid planning permission and complying with safety and hygiene standards. Planning authorities will be made aw are by the company that their restaurants are pr-designed to pass safety and hygiene standards, whilst all new staff will be fully trained to make sure that standards are always adhered to (Mason, 2005 p.44). The senior management are well aware of the benefits of standardisation, if one design passes safety and hygiene standards it is adopting that design for all its restaurants as that makes financial, marketing, and practical sense to do so (www.LHC.ORG.UK). MacDonalds have developed modular drive through restaurants as a method of constructing new outlets quickly at the same time as passing the Building Regulations application process. As a company MacDonalds has always set out to have all its ordinary and drive through restaurants designed to look exactly the same as each other as well as also having the same features and equipment. For MacDonalds having restaurants that look the same everywhere they are constructed has been a highly successful branding strategy and exercise that has allowed the firm to expand impressively across the globe. To be more precise it is a global franchise which, has expanded due to its high profits and relatively low capital costs (Mason, 2005 p. 44). However the merits of using modular designs go beyond marketing ploys and serve pragmatic purposes. When MacDonalds set out to design its modular drive through restaurants it certainly took the Building Regulation application process into account. The modular drive through restaurant was designed to meet safety and hygiene standards in as many countries as possible, so that they could be constructed in as many places as the company would like. The low cost of construction when combined with the ease of gaining planning at the same time as being able to pass all safety and hygiene standards makes buying into the MacDonalds franchise a good investment. The prefabricated structures have the advantage of not requiring a high degree of planning permission than buildings wholly constructed on site (www.LHC.ORG.UK). MacDonalds have found that with experience that prefabricated designs that already fully meet planning requirements and regulations will undoubtedly gain full building permission quickly wherever the proposed restaurant is located. The rapid gaining of building permission allows MacDonalds to have all its new drive through restaurants trading sooner rather than later. The new drive through restaurants thus quickly re-coup their modest construction costs and go into profit. Profits are not only made quickly; they are also made over a long-term basis as well. The use of prefabricated designs and materials therefore allows MacDonalds to expand its total number of restaurants at a much lower capital cost than many of its competitors. The beauty of the modular drive through restaurant design is that it is cheap and durable, yet it could also be quickly modified if it needed to be (Mason, 2005 p. 44). The modular design allows for standardised equipment to be fitted, equipment that could b e easily updated modified or completely replaced should building regulations alter, or if the company purchases improved equipment. The modular design is meant to be really simple to construct, maintain and keep clean. The simplicity of the kitchen areas is intended to make it easier to train staff to cook and prepare food as well as cleaning areas to maintain hygiene standards. The training of staff does not take long as all processes and procedures, as well as equipment and food is standardised. The simplicity of the whole operation means that food is prepared, cooked, and served faster (Bloomsbury, 2005 p. 117). Simplicity and standardisation keep costs low, product prices highly competitive, and the company’s profits high. Providing that all staff are trained and keep to the procedures they are taught the company should always be able to maintain safety and hygiene standards whilst never having to wait long for planning permission (www.LHC.ORG.UK). Question 2: Explain how the analysis of a local authority Development Plan can help the senior management team of a national hotel chain identify a suitable site for a new budget hotel in a particular locality? The majority of local authorities in Britain will have development plans to control where and whether new businesses or retail units would be constructed within the areas they control the planning for. Local authorities make up Development Plans as a means of generating wealth, creating jobs and regenerating run down districts and would wish to include such firms within their Development Plan. Development Plan would include the precise locations of where the new offices, hotels, and retail units would be sited. The Development Plan provides further useful information for the senior management to consider besides the proposed or the approved locations of other companies. For instance, every Development Plan should give the location of roads, motorways, railways, and rivers near or within the locality controlled by the local authority concerned. Other information that could be relevant to the locating of the new budget hotel could include local tourist attractions or places that would make hotels less attractive for potential guests, like waste ground, factories, or prisons. If the new budget hotel could be located near the most attractive features of the town or city it is a bonus in terms of marketing the hotel before it opens and expanding the number guests once it has opened. If the company has to locate the hotel in a less attractive site the company could consider pulling out of its construction or consider different ways of marketing it if it is actually built. The company would however wish to avoid being located in areas where it could not guarantee the safety of their guests and their staff, as more would have to be spent on security measures such as fencing or patrolled car parks. The company could find it useful to contact local people and possibly the Police to find out which parts of the town or city they need to avoid when picking the locality of their new budget hotel. Local authorities will make the Development Plan available for the public and b usinesses to examine which allows any firms that wish to open premises within the area to apply for a place within that plan. For the Senior Management of a budget hotel chain that would want to open a new hotel inside a particular locality being able to analyse the local authority’s Development Plan would offer definite advantages when it comes to making the new budget hotel a long-term success (www.LHC.ORG.UK). The exact location of any new budget hotel could make all the difference between it being a successful part of the firm or it being a loss making failure. From a study of the Development Plan the Senior Management should be aware of the alternative sites available for the location of the proposed new hotel, as well as the placing of other new businesses within the development area. Senior Management should have a strong knowledge of the best places and the worst places to locate new budget hotels when it comes down to maximising the number of guests that stay there. Analysing the Development Plan would make Senior Management fully aware of the local authority intentions of which firms to allocate land to, for the construction of their new outlets, offices, or hotels. The most prestigious firms will want to locate in the most prime positions possible to fit in with their corporate image, whilst a low budget hotel firm might not need to do the same. A low budget hotel does not have to obtain a prestigious land site, it does however have to be based if at all possible on land that is near to town or city centres, and ideally is easily accessible for as many potential guests as possible. The senior management would find it useful to locate the new budget hotel near the main roads, the railway, close to local businesses, and preferably with free secure car parking spaces available. Such a location would be a good selling point to business travellers and tourists a like. If they could gain an accurate analysis of the Development Plan then it increases the chances of securing a good locality for the new budget hotel (www.LHC.ORG.UK). The hotel company could benefit from examining the Development Plan as it would allow them to know if they could use prefabricated designs that permit the construction to be finished earlier and thus earning revenue sooner. If the hotel chain already uses prefabricated designs and construction techniques then it will them greater flexibility when it comes down to the precise locality of the new budget hotel. Flexibility that stems from the savings in construction costs being able to provide a bit of leeway if the price of being in a better location is higher than first anticipated. A sound understanding of the development plan would enable senior management to have the locality and the rapid construction of the new budget hotel finalised as soon as possible. Such an understanding would thus grant the company more time to advertise the opening of the new hotel at an early stage to maximise the number of guests upon its opening. The evaluation of the Development Plan would also give se nior management a precise idea of the number of hotels within the town or city that are already built and those hotels that are planned. Knowledge of the hotels within the district gives senior management invaluable information when it comes down to the marketing, and pricing strategy for the new budget hotel which could make all the difference between success and failure. Knowing the nature, location, as well as the strengths and the weaknesses of all its rivals within the locality could certainly prove very beneficial to the senior management in selling the merits of the new budget hotel in relation to its competitors. Senior management could also take advantage of the company’s brand name and its reputation. Marketing for the new budget hotel should emphasis that the locality will soon be able to benefit from the arrival of a low cost hotel that happens to provide high quality service (www.LHC.ORG.UK). Bibliography Bloomsbury Reference, (2005) Dictionary of Leisure, Travel, and Tourism – 3rd edition, Bloomsbury, London Mason P (2005) Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management, Elsvier, London www.LHC.ORG.UK Youell R, (2003) Complete A-Z Travel Leisure Handbook – 2nd edition, Hodder Stoughton, London